ABSTRACT
Objective Young and middle-aged people have become the fastest growing group of diabetes, but the compliance of regular exercise is poor. It is urgent to formulate effective intervention strategies or measures to promote the change of their behavior. The article is Objective ly based on the attitude-social influence-self efficacy model, to investigate the stages distribution and influencing factors of regular exercise behavior in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A convenience sampling was used to select 430 young and middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients from the department of endocrinology in two Nanjing 3A grade hospitals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a general questionnaire, a regular exercise behavioral stage questionnaire, a diabetes behavioral attitude and social impact scale, and a diabetes self-efficacy scale.Results The proportion of regular exercise behavior in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes is as follows. There were 14.9% patients at the precontemplation, 25.8% at the contemplation,15.8% at the preparation, 12.3% at the action, 31.2% at the maintenance. Logistic regression analysis showed that on-the-job (OR=1.77), accepting health education (OR=0.49), HbA1c level (OR=0.78), attitude (OR=5.32), subjective norm (OR=2.43), social support (OR=1.87) and self-efficacy (OR=1.28) are main factors to affect the stages of physical activity (P<0.05) .Conclusion Most of the young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes are in the pre-action stages of regular exercise behavior, which needs to be improved, and many factors can affect the stages of regular exercise behavior. Clinical medical staff should provide individualized interventions for these patients with reference to the characteristics of different behavioral stages of patients.
ABSTRACT
Commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires efficient fermenting strains. The abilities of the strain to converting all types of sugars in the hydrolysate to ethanol in high yield and to effectively tolerating/metabolizing inhibitors are necessary. Genome shuffling is a novel method for breeding, and it has been applied in pharmaceutical and food industry. This review summarized the technique of genome shuffling including principle, process, applications and its prospect for strains improvement in ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.